Utilization of Genetic Markers in Thyroid Cancer Treatment

Session Description

Genetic testing and resultant molecular markers are commonly obtained using commercially available tools to risk stratify and guide treatment for indeterminate thyroid nodules. Most otolaryngologists are increasingly familiar with the role of these tests in this scenario. Beyond their use in the initial surgical strategy, the results of these tests may provide additional useful information that may contribute to clinical care. Molecular markers obtained by either these tests or from the resultant surgical specimen may help counsel patients and guide treatment in advanced cases once the diagnosis of malignancy is confirmed.

In recent years, important progress has been made in understanding the potential role of these molecular markers in prognostication and clinical care for thyroid cancers. However, their applicability in treatment decision-making is still limited. In advanced cases, particularly for unresectable or advanced radioiodine refractory disease, novel systemic targeted treatments are available and may be utilized for tumors with appropriate molecular markers. This aspect of thyroid cancer care is continuously evolving and future directions are promising. The aims of this brief course are to review the role of genetic markers prior to definitive treatment of thyroid cancer patients, discuss available targeted agents and the role of these systemic treatments in clinical care.